Table 3: Comparability of Long and Mew Calls of Adult Atlantic Yellow-legged Gulls to Lesser Black-backed Gull L. f. graellsii, Herring Gull L. a. argenteus
and Mediterranean Yellow-legged Gull L. michahellis|
Area |
Long calls % like |
Mew calls % like |
|||||
|
|
graellsii |
Shrill graellsii |
Deep argenteus |
Medi-terranean michahellis |
graellsii |
argenteus |
Medi-terranean michahellis |
|
Santander |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
|
Porto/Minho |
+ |
45 |
55 |
0 |
75 |
25 |
0 |
|
Setúbal /Lisbon |
0 |
90 |
10 |
0 |
95 |
5 |
0 |
|
Faro |
20 |
70 |
10 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
|
Cadiz |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
|
Gibraltar/La Lines |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
|
Estepona |
0 |
55 |
15 |
30 |
50 |
25 |
25 |
|
Tarifa |
0 |
60 |
20 |
20 |
90 |
0 |
10 |
|
Tanger |
0 |
92 |
8 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
|
Madeira |
0 |
25 |
75 |
0 |
20 |
80 |
0 |
|
Agadir/ Essaouira |
0 |
90 |
10 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
|
Fuerteventura/ Lanzarote |
0 |
20 |
80 |
0 |
35 |
65 |
0 |
|
Gran Canaria |
0 |
20 |
80 |
0 |
45 |
55 |
0 |
|
Tenerife/ Gomera |
0 |
80 |
20 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
|
La Palma/ El Hierro |
40 |
60 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cantabrican |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
|
W Portugal/ NW Spain cline |
+ |
68 |
32 |
0 |
85 |
15 |
0 |
|
Dark |
8 |
58 |
34 |
0 |
75 |
25 |
0 |
|
Med. intersection |
0 |
77 |
11 |
12 |
85 |
6 |
9 |
|
All Atlantic forms |
4 |
61 |
32 |
3 |
74 |
24 |
2 |
|
Med YLG in SW Spain |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
|
Med YLG in SW France |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
Figures obtained from watching calling birds. Each bird only counted once.
Percentages are rounded to nearest 5 for individual localities. Cantabrican, W Portugal/NW Spain cline, Dark form and Mediterranean intersection are defined in the text.
+ -- noted but less than 3%.
Table 4: Percentage of Wingtip Patterns by Location for Adult Atlantic Yellow-legged Gulls.
|
Area |
P10 |
P9 |
P6-P10 |
P5 |
P4 |
|||||||||
|
|
S |
Tip (%) |
LM (%) |
SM (%) |
M (%) |
S |
Sol -id (%) |
SI (%) |
LI (%) |
S |
BB (%) |
TB (%) |
IM (%) |
PN (%) |
|
San Sebastian |
6 |
85 |
15 |
0 |
85 |
7 |
0 |
30 |
70 |
6 |
15 |
35 |
50 |
15 |
|
Santander |
21 |
70 |
30 |
0 |
85 |
21 |
0 |
30 |
70 |
10 |
0 |
80 |
20 |
0 |
|
Porto/ Minho |
52 |
15 |
85 |
+ |
35 |
32 |
55 |
40 |
5 |
28 |
50 |
30 |
20 |
15 |
|
Setúbal / Lisbon |
18 |
35 |
65 |
0 |
50 |
18 |
50 |
35 |
15 |
20 |
60 |
10 |
30 |
0 |
|
Faro |
11 |
20 |
60 |
20 |
10 |
12 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
85 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
|
Cadiz |
10 |
30 |
60 |
10 |
37 |
0 |
10 |
70 |
20 |
10 |
25 |
|||
|
Nerja |
6 |
50 |
50 |
0 |
15 |
6 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
|
Estepona |
10 |
60 |
30 |
10 |
40 |
0 |
8 |
75 |
25 |
0 |
50 |
|||
|
Tarifa |
5 |
80 |
20 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
3 |
35 |
35 |
30 |
0 |
|||
|
Tanger |
19 |
50 |
45 |
5 |
35 |
10 |
60 |
30 |
10 |
17 |
50 |
40 |
10 |
40 |
|
Madeira |
25 |
8 |
60 |
32 |
16 |
21 |
86 |
14 |
0 |
16 |
56 |
31 |
13 |
0 |
|
Asilah |
4 |
25 |
75 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
50 |
50 |
0 |
- |
|
Agadir/ Essaouira |
76 |
55 |
40 |
5 |
25 |
71 |
90 |
10 |
0 |
69 |
35 |
30 |
35 |
10 |
|
Fuerte-ventura/ Lanzarote |
31 |
30 |
60 |
10 |
30 |
39 |
80 |
15 |
5 |
38 |
55 |
30 |
15 |
15 |
|
Gran Canaria |
56 |
45 |
50 |
5 |
25 |
71 |
80 |
20 |
+ |
63 |
40 |
35 |
25 |
15 |
|
Tenerife/ Gomera |
84 |
40 |
50 |
10 |
20 |
31 |
95 |
5 |
0 |
49 |
45 |
30 |
25 |
5 |
|
La Palma/ El Hierro |
17 |
60 |
20 |
20 |
10 |
4 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
65 |
35 |
0 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cantabrican |
27 |
73 |
27 |
0 |
85 |
28 |
0 |
30 |
70 |
16 |
6 |
63 |
31 |
10 |
|
W Portugal/ NW Spain cline |
70 |
19 |
80 |
1 |
39 |
50 |
54 |
37 |
9 |
48 |
54 |
21 |
25 |
10 |
|
Dark |
314 |
41 |
48 |
11 |
22 |
253 |
87 |
12 |
1 |
275 |
47 |
30 |
23 |
10 |
|
Med. intersection |
40 |
57 |
38 |
5 |
32 |
16 |
76 |
18 |
6 |
34 |
62 |
30 |
8 |
44 |
|
All Atlantic forms |
451 |
41 |
51 |
8 |
30 |
347 |
75 |
17 |
8 |
373 |
48 |
30 |
22 |
14 |
|
Med YLG in SW Spain |
20 |
80 |
20 |
0 |
35 |
3 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
67 |
25 |
8 |
38 |
From an analysis of close-up photographs with material from Newell (2000) for San Sebastian.
Percentages are rounded to nearest 5 for individual localities.
Cantabrican, W Portugal/NW Spain cline, Dark form and Mediterranean intersection are defined in the text.
Key: S -- Sample (sample sizes are similar for P10 and P9 and for P5 and P4).
P10, P9: Tip - complete white tip; LM - Large Mirror; SM - Small Mirror; M - Mirror present.
P6-P10: Solid - square-cut triangular area of black from outer web of P6 to tip of P10 to P10 intersection with its covert; SI - Small indent into black triangle; LI - Large Indent into black triangle as in argenteus.
More details on indents -- from coverts to tip: for the solid effect, P8 is at least half black and P7 at least 1/3 black; for small indent proportions are about 2/5 and 1/4 respectively; for large indent proportions are no more than 1/4 and 1/8 respectively.
P5: BB - Broad Band as in michahellis; TB - Thin Band as in argenteus; IM - Broken band, spot or indistinct markings as in argenteus;
P4: PN -- Punctuation mark (spot or comma).
Table 5: Moult in Adult Atlantic Yellow-legged Gulls of Primaries and Head at Particular Locations
|
Location |
Dates visited |
Wing Moult as growing/missing |
Head Moult |
||
|
|
|
Maximum |
Minimum |
Most frequent |
|
|
Santander |
1 Aug - 9 Aug |
P5/P6 |
P3/P4 |
P4/P5 |
Sparse brown speckles on head, denser around eyes |
|
Nerja |
26 May - 31 May |
-/P1 |
none |
none |
none |
|
Estepona |
17 Aug |
P8/P0 |
P6/P7 |
P7/P8 |
White with speckles around eye |
|
Gibraltar/La Linea |
22 Aug |
P7/P8 |
P6/P7 |
P7/P8; P6/P7 |
Some quite pale, others with speckles on front and sides of head. |
|
Tanger |
10 Aug - 17 Aug |
P6/P7 |
P5/P6 |
P6/P7 |
White with speckles around eyes |
|
20 Aug |
P8/P9 |
P6/P7 |
P6/P7 |
||
|
27 Aug - 2 Sept |
P7/P8 |
P5/P6 |
P7/P8 |
||
|
Asilah |
20 Aug - 27 Aug |
P7/P8 |
- |
P7/P8 |
Dusky with obvious speckling around eyes, on forehead and crown |
|
Lanzarote |
13 Aug - 20 Aug |
P8/P9 |
P6/P7 |
P6/P7 |
Mostly white with speckles around eyes; some with extensive spots on head forming slight hood |
|
Fuerte-ventura |
29 Sep |
P10/- |
P9+P10/- |
P9+P10/- |
Fairly dusky, obvious dark eye spot, light streaking on front of head, forehead can be paler; many half-hooded. |
|
Gran Canaria |
14 May - 20 May |
P2/P3 |
none |
none |
none |
|
23 Sep - 30 Sep |
P10/- |
P8+P9+P10/- |
P9+P10/- |
Fairly dusky, many with prominent dark patch over eye and grey-brown wash over rest of head and upper-neck; they look paler in bright light |
|
|
Tenerife |
28 Jul - 10 Aug |
P8/P9 |
P4/P5 |
P6/P7 |
Most (72%) slight hood from extensive spots around eyes, forehead and crown; some (28%) more definite hood as heavy speckling on front, sides and top of head and brown wash on nape |
|
4 Aug - 18 Aug |
P8/P9 |
P5/P6 |
P7/P8 |
||
|
La Palma/ El Hierro |
5 Aug - 9 Aug |
P7/P8 |
P4/P5 |
P6/P7 |
Half-hooded with quite pronounced streaking on eye and front of head |
|
Madeira |
19 Sep - 22 Sep |
|
|
P9+P10/- |
Half-hooded (50%) with prominent darkish area on crown, around eye and throat; forehead, nape and neck are whiter. Remainder less marked. |
|
Azores
|
17 Aug |
|
|
P6/P7 |
Extensive heavy streaking on entire head and upper neck sometimes extending to lower neck |
|
6 Sep - 7 Sep |
|
|
P7/P8; P8/P9 |
||
|
3 Oct |
|
|
P9+P10/- |
||
From an analysis of close-up photographs and from field study by the author, except for the Azores where from Wilds & Czaplak (1994) for August and September and Bakker (2000) for October and for Madeira where from Regan & Fisher (2001).